Title: "Plate Tectonics: Understanding Earth's Dynamic Structure"
[Paragraph 1]
The Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large, rigid plates that float on the underlying semi-fluid asthenosphere. These plates are in constant motion due to the convective currents in the Earth's mantle. Plate tectonics is a comprehensive theory that explains the dynamic nature of these lithospheric plates and the geological phenomena associated with their interactions.
[Paragraph 2]
Plate boundaries are regions where tectonic activity is concentrated. There are three types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, where plates move away from each other; convergent boundaries, where plates collide; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past each other horizontally. These interactions at plate boundaries result in various geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.
[Paragraph 3]
Divergent boundaries occur along mid-oceanic ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through seafloor spreading. As the plates move apart, magma wells up from the mantle, creating new crust that pushes the older crust aside. This process contributes to the widening of ocean basins and the formation of submarine mountain ranges.
[Paragraph 4]
Convergent boundaries involve the collision of two plates. Depending on the type of plates involved, three main scenarios can occur: oceanic-oceanic plate convergence, oceanic-continental plate convergence, and continental-continental plate convergence. Subduction zones, where one plate is forced beneath another, are common in convergent boundaries. These zones give rise to deep-sea trenches, volcanic arcs, and in some cases, the formation of new continental crust.
[Paragraph 5]
Transform boundaries occur where plates slide past each other horizontally. The most well-known transform boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California. As the plates grind against each other, immense strain accumulates, resulting in frequent earthquakes along these fault lines. Transform boundaries play a crucial role in accommodating the lateral movement between divergent and convergent boundaries.
[Paragraph 6]
The theory of plate tectonics not only explains the movement of the Earth's lithospheric plates but also sheds light on other geologic phenomena. It helps us understand the distribution of earthquakes and volcanic activity, the formation of mountain belts, the creation of rift valleys, and the long-term evolution of continents. By studying plate tectonics, geologists can gain valuable insights into the dynamic nature of our planet.
[Paragraph 7]
In summary, plate tectonics provides a framework for comprehending the Earth's dynamic structure and the processes that shape its surface. It offers a unified explanation for a wide range of geological phenomena and continues to be a fundamental theory in the field of geology.
Questions:
#1 Inference: What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 2?
a) Divergent boundaries result in the formation of mountain ranges.
b) Plate boundaries are stationary and do not undergo any movement.
c) Transform boundaries are responsible for volcanic activity.
d) Plate tectonics explains the motion and interactions of lithospheric plates.
#2 Sentence Simplification: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4?
a) Colliding plates at convergent boundaries cause volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
b) The interaction of plates at convergent boundaries leads to seismic activity.
c) Subduction zones at convergent boundaries produce earthquakes and volcanic arcs.
d) Convergent boundaries give rise to deep-sea trenches and volcanic arcs.
#3 Rhetorical Purpose: Why does the author mention transform boundaries in paragraph 5?
a) To explain the formation of new oceanic crust
b) To highlight the occurrence of deep-sea trenches
c) To emphasize the role of lateral movement between divergent and convergent boundaries
d) To discuss the occurrence of volcanic arcs along these boundaries
#4 Inference: What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 2?
a) Plate boundaries are static and do not undergo any movement.
b) Transform boundaries are characterized by the formation of new oceanic crust.
c) Divergent boundaries result in the formation of deep-sea trenches.
d) The Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large, rigid plates.
#5 Vocabulary: The word "accommodating" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to:
a) Adjusting
b) Disturbing
c) Complementing
d) Limiting
#6 Rhetorical Purpose: Why does the author mention plate tectonics in paragraph 6?
a) To discuss the formation of mountain belts
b) To explain the distribution of earthquakes and volcanic activity
c) To emphasize the importance of studying the Earth's lithospheric plates
d) To provide insights into the dynamic nature of the Earth
#7 Inference: What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 2?
a) Convergent boundaries are responsible for the creation of rift valleys.
b) Transform boundaries are associated with the formation of new continental crust.
c) Plate tectonics does not explain the movement of lithospheric plates.
d) The Earth's lithospheric plates interact with each other at plate boundaries.
#8 Vocabulary: The word "distribution" in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to:
a) Abundance
b) Variation
c) Movement
d) Arrangement
#9 Inference: What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 2?
a) Divergent boundaries occur along mid-oceanic ridges.
b) Convergent boundaries are characterized by the widening of ocean basins.
c) Transform boundaries contribute to the formation of submarine mountain ranges.
d) Plate boundaries are responsible for seismic activity and volcanic eruptions.
#10 Prose Summary: Select the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.
a) Plate tectonics explains the movement and interactions of lithospheric plates.
b) Convergent boundaries lead to the formation of rift valleys.
c) The Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large, rigid plates.
d) Transform boundaries play a crucial role in accommodating lateral movement.
e) Plate tectonics helps us understand various geological phenomena.
f) Divergent boundaries result in the formation of new oceanic crust.
here are my answer
#1 B
#2 D
#3 C
#4 A
#5 C
#6 D
#7 D
#8 C
#9 D
#10 ACE
please do evaluation, tell me the correction then rate me in general percentage
--
Here's the evaluation of your answers:
#1: Incorrect. The correct answer is (d) Plate tectonics explains the motion and interactions of lithospheric plates. This information is mentioned in paragraph 2.
#2: Correct! The answer is (d) Convergent boundaries give rise to deep-sea trenches and volcanic arcs. This accurately represents the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4.
#3: Incorrect. The correct answer is (c) To emphasize the role of lateral movement between divergent and convergent boundaries. The author mentions transform boundaries to highlight their significance in accommodating the lateral movement between divergent and convergent boundaries.
#4: Incorrect. The correct answer is (d) The Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large, rigid plates. This information is explicitly mentioned in paragraph 2.
#5: Correct! The answer is (c) Adjusting. The word "accommodating" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to adjusting.
#6: Correct! The answer is (d) To provide insights into the dynamic nature of the Earth. The mention of plate tectonics in paragraph 6 aims to offer insights into the dynamic nature of the Earth.
#7: Correct! The answer is (d) The Earth's lithospheric plates interact with each other at plate boundaries. This inference can be made based on the information provided in paragraph 2.
#8: Incorrect. The correct answer is (b) Variation. The word "distribution" in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to variation.
#9: Correct! The answer is (d) Plate boundaries are responsible for seismic activity and volcanic eruptions. This inference can be made based on the information provided in paragraph 2.
#10: Correct! The correct answer choices for the prose summary are (a) Plate tectonics explains the movement and interactions of lithospheric plates, (c) The Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large, rigid plates, and (e) Plate tectonics helps us understand various geological phenomena.
Overall, you answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly, resulting in a score of 70%. Well done!
0 Response to "TOEFL IBT Reading Example #1"
Posting Komentar